英语动词过去式和过去分词的变化

英语动词过去式和过去分词的变化规则

安徽省蚌埠二中 朱正军

I) 规则动词：

1. 直接加-ed。如：lack—lacked, open—opened, repeat—repeated.

2. 结尾有e的只加-d。如：live—lived, please—pleased, free—freed.

3. 以“一个元音字母+一个辅音字母”结尾，该音节又重读，双写结尾辅音，再加-ed。如：stop—stopped, fit—fitted, chat—chatted, control—controlled.

4. 以辅音字母加y结尾的词，变y为i，再加-ed。如：try—tried, study—studied.

5. 以l结尾的词其变化规律等同于其现在分词的变化规律。如：travel—travelledtraveled.

II）不规则动词巧记表

A．AAA型

cast cast cast 投掷

cut cut cut 割

shut shut shut 关

put put put 放

hurt; hurt; hurt 弄伤

rid rid rid 使摆脱

bid bid bid 出价、投标

spit spit spit（spat; spat）吐，唾

split; split; split 分开、分裂

hit hit hit 击中

let let let 让

set set set 安置

read read read 读

cost cost cost 值（多少钱）

cast cast cast 投射

burst burst burst 破裂

spread; spread; spread 传播

broadcast broadcast/-ed broadcast/-ed 广播

forecast forecast/+ed forecast/+ed 预报

B．AAB型

beat beat beaten 打击

C．ABB型

a．在原形动词后面加一个辅音字母d或t构成过去时，过去分词

hear heard heard 听

burn burnt/+ed burnt/+ed 燃烧

learn learnt(-ed) learnt(-ed) 学

mean meant meant 意思是

dream dreamt/+ed dreamt/+ed 做梦

b．把原形动词的最后一个辅音字母d改成t

build built built 建设

rebuild; rebuilt; rebuilt 重建

lend lent lent 借出

spend spent spent 度过，花费

send sent sent 送，派，遣

bend bent bent 压弯、弯曲

c．其他

dig dug dug 挖掘

strike struck struck 敲

stick; stuck; stuck 粘、

get got got 得到

win won won 赢，胜利

shine; shone; shone 发光

hang hung hung 挂

【hang; hanged; hanged吊死】

swing; swung; swung 摇摆

find found found 找到

wind; wound; wound 缠绕

stand stood stood 站

bring brought brought 带来

buy bought bought 买

fight fought fought 打仗

think thought thought 想

seek; sought; sought 寻找

catch caught caught 捉

teach taught taught 教

keep kept kept 保持

sleep slept slept 睡

smell smelt smelt 闻到

sweep swept swept 扫，扫除

weep; wept; wept哭泣

feel felt felt 感觉

leave left left 离开

meet met met 遇见

speed sped sped 加速

bleed bled bled 流血

hold held held 抓住，握

lead led led 领导

feed fed fed 喂养

sit sat sat 坐

have had had 有

make made made 制造

pay paid paid 付款

say said said 说

lay; laid; laid 搁置、产卵

sell sold sold 卖

tell told told 告诉

retell; retold; retold 重讲、复述

shine shone shone 照耀 发光

lose lost lost 丢失

shoot shot shot 射击 击中

flee fled fled 逃跑

shoot; shot; shot 射击

understand understood understood 理解

misunderstand; misunderstood; misunderstood 误解

C．ABA型

become became become 变成

come came come 来

overcome; overcame; overcome 克服

run ran run 跑

D．ABC型

a．原型动词+n或en构成过去分词

see saw seen 看见

foresee foresaw foreseen 预报

eat ate eaten 吃

fall fell fallen 跌倒

give gave given 给

forgive; forgave; forgiven 宽恕

drive drove driven 驾驶

rise rose risen 升起

arise arose, arisen 出现、发生

shake shook shaken 摇动

take took taken 拿

undertake; undertook; undertaken 承担、承诺

blow blew blown 吹

grow grew grown 生长

know knew known 知道

throw threw thrown 投，掷

draw drew drawn 拖，拉

withdraw; withdrew; withdrawn撤退

sew sewed sewn 缝

sow; sowed; sown/sowed 播种

show showed shown 出示

mistake; mistook; mistaken; 弄错

shave; shaved; shaved/shaven 刮脸

b．过去时+n或en构成过去分词

freeze froze frozen 结冰，凝固

break broke broken 打破

speak spoke spoken 说话

bear; bore; borne/born 忍受、生育

wake woke woken 醒

choose chose chosen 选择

steal stole stolen 偷

c．把单词中重读音节的元音字母i改为a（过去时）和u

begin began begun 开始

swim swam swum 游泳

drink drank drunk 喝，饮

sink sank sunk 下沉

shrink; shrank; shrunk 缩小

ring rang rung 响（铃）

sing sang sung 唱

d．特殊变化

be (am,is) was been 是

be(are) were been 是

do(dose) did done 做

go(goes) went gone 去

lie lay lain 躺

【lie; lied; lied撒谎】

fly flew flown 飞

wear wore worn 穿戴

tear; tore; torn 撕烂

dive dove/dived dived 跳水

forget; forgot; forgot/forgotten 忘记

hide hid hidden 躲藏

bite bit bitten 咬

swear; swore; sworn 发誓

swell; swelled; swollen 肿

ride rode ridden 骑

write wrote written 写

E．AAB型

beat beat beaten 敲打，（心）跳动