人教版八年级下册英语单词unit2

一、重点短语

1. Clean-Up Day 清洁日

2. an old people’s home 养老院

3. help out with sth. 帮助解决困难

4. used to 曾经… … ；过去_

5. care for 关心;照顾

6. the look of joy 快乐的表情

7. at the age of 在……岁时

8.clean up 打扫(或清除)干净

9. cheer up (使)变得更高兴;振雀

10. give out 分发;散发

11. come up with 想出；提出

12. make a plan 制订计划

13. make some notices 做些公告牌

14. try out 试用;试行

15. work for 为…工作；为…. 效力

16. put up 建造;举起;张贴

17. hand out 分发;散发;发给

18. call up 打电话;召集

19. put off 推迟;延迟

20. for example 比如；例如

21. raise money 筹钱;募捐

22. take after 与……相像;像

23. give away 赠送;捐赠

24. fix up 修理;修补;解决

25. be similar to 与……相似

26. set up 建立;设立

27. disabled people 残疾人

28. make a difference 影响;有作用

29. be able to 能够

30. after-school reading program课外阅读项目

二、重点句型

1. The boy could give out food at the food bank.

这个男孩可以在食品救济站分发食物。

2. Clean-Up Day is only two weeks from now.清洁日离现在仅仅两周的时间。

3. He volunteers at an animal hospital every Saturday morning.

每周六上午，他都在一'家动物医院当志愿者。

4. Last year, she decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.

去年，她决定去参加一个课外阅读项目的志愿者的选拔。

5. . . . you can see in their eyes that the y? re going on a different journey with each new book.

……从他们的眼睛里你可以看到他们正在进行每本不同的新书之旅。

6. I want to put off my plan to work in an animal hospital until next summer.

我想把我在动物医院工作的计划推迟到明年夏天。

7. Most people today are only worried about getting good jobs to make lots of

money.现在的大部分人只是为找一份能挣许多钱的好工作而着急。

8. You helped to make it possible for me to have Lucky.

在你的帮助下，我才有可能拥有“幸运儿”。

三．重要知识点解析

Section A

1. You could help clean up the city parks.你可以帮助打扫城市公园。

【解析1】help v →helpful

　 1). help sb. to do sth. 　帮助某人做某事。

　　2). help oneself （ to ）自用（食物等）。

　　3). help sb. out 帮助某人克服困难，渡过难关、解决问题、完成工作。

　　4). with the help of 在……帮助下。

　　5). help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事。

6).Can’t help doing 情不自禁做….

【解析2】clean up 把……打扫干净（v. + adv.）

clean up the table = clean the table up

It’s your turn cleanup the kitchen.

2.The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer them up.

女孩可以去医院看望生病的孩子们，让他们振作起来。

【解析1】sick /ill ：

(1) sick adj.“生病的”，既可放be (系动词)后作表语，

也可放n.前作定语。

be sick of …“讨厌；厌恶……”

sick person = patient“病人”

(2) ill adj.“生病的”，只能放be (系动词)后作表语，

be ill in hospital 生病住院

ill → illness n.“病；疾病”

You look very tired. You must be sick. (= ill)

He had a sick mother. 他有一位生病的母亲

【解析2】in the hospital 与in hospital

(1) in the hospital“在医院”

指人在医院里，允许是在医院上班，允许是到医院看望病人等；

(2) in hospital “在医院；住院”

指生病住院。

类似的短语有：

in the bed“在床上”，也许是蹲在床上或站在床上；

in bed“在床上”指躺在床上

Tom is ill and staying in bed.

【解析3】cheer up 使振奋，使高兴的（v. +adv）

cheer sb. up =make sb. happy 使某人高兴

cheer me up 使我高兴

You could visit sick children in the hospital and cheer them up.

3. The boy could give out food at the food bank.

男孩可以在食物站分发食物

【解析】give out =hand out分发(v. +adv) hand out bananas

give out sth to sb. 分….给某人

Our teacher begins give out our test paper.

【短语】：give in 屈服 give back=return 归还 give a speech 发表

give sb. a call 给……打电话

give away 赠送give away money to kids

give sb. a hand =help sb. 帮助某人

give up doing sth =stop doing sth放弃做某事give up smoking 放弃吸烟

give sb. sth = give sth to sb. 给某人某物

give me money 给我钱=give money to me 给我线

You shouldn’t give up your hope. Everything will better.

4. We need to come up with a plan for the City Park Clean -up Day.

我们需要为城市公园清洁日想出一个计划。

【解析】come up with =think up 想出

catch up with 赶上 追上

【短语】：

think about 考虑 think of 想起 think over 仔细考虑

【谚语】 Think before you act 三思而后行

【拓展】v+up with 构成的短语：

catch up with 赶上；追上

keep up with 跟上；跟、、、、、保持联系

put u with 容忍；忍得住

end up with 结束；以…….而结束

We need come up with a plan.

5. Oh , what did they ask you to help out with?

哦，他们让你帮助做些什么？

【解析】help out 帮助；帮助……出来

help sb. out 使某人脱离困境

He gave away plenty of money to the people in the earthquake

area to help them out .

6. They told me stories about the past and how things used to be.

他们给我讲过去的故事，并告诉我过去事情是什么样子的。

【解析1】 (1) use v.使用→useful adj. 有用的 use up 用完

Studying English is useful.

(2) use sth to do sth 用某物做某事

We use Internet to find information.

(3) used to do sth 过去常常做某事，表示过去做过的事现在已经不做，只用于过去时态。

My mother used to tell us story when we were young.

(4) be /get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事

My grandpa is used to living in country.

(5) be used to do sth 被用来做某事=be used for doing sth

Stamps is used to post letters.

He used to wear glasses . But now he is used to wearing contact lenses.

他以前常戴（框架）眼镜，但现在习惯戴隐形眼镜。

7. That sounds interesting. 那听起来挺有趣。

【解析】sound (1)n声音 We heard a strange sound.

【辨析】Sound/noise/voice

⑴sound(n.)指自然界中所有的声音，可指悦耳的声音也可指噪音。

⑵noise一般指很响的，刺耳的声音，即喧闹，嘈杂声等。

③voice指人通过发音器官发出的声音（包括说话，唱歌等）。

Mary has a beautiful voice. 玛丽的声音很美。

Don't make such a noise. 别这样大声喧哗。

— Did you hear any strang noise when the quake happened?

— No, I was in my garden with my flowers and was enjoying the beautiful sound of my birds at that time.

(2) vi.听起来，似乎，其后加表语（形容词，介词短语，名词）

—How does the music sound to you? 这音乐你听起来怎么样？

—It sounds beautiful. 它听起来很美。

8. Yeah, a lot of old people are lonely.

是的，很多老年人都很孤独。

【解析】alone / lonely 辨析：

(1)alOne= by oneself adj. 单独的，指无人陪伴的客观事实，不带感情色彩。

He often walks alone to home .

(2)lonely ①指人孤独的，寂寞的，强调主观感受；②也可指某个地方是荒凉的

The old man lives alone，but he never feels lonely _.

9. We should listen to them and care for them .

我们应该倾听他们说话并且关心他们。

【解析】care for 照看；照顾；照料

Many students in our school care for the old and they usually offer their seats to them on buses.

【拓展】care的短语总结

take care =be careful v.当心，小心

take care of =look after v.照顾，照料，照看

take care of 处理，做完

care for v.照顾，照看

10. Mario Green and Mary Brown from Riverside High School give up several hours each week to help others.

来自河畔高中的马里奥。格林和玛丽每周都会花几个小时去帮助别人。

【解析1】give up 放弃

give up doing sth=stop doing sth 放弃做某事

I find it too difficult to learn English well. I want to give it up .

【解析2】several 可作定语，表示“几个”： = a few

Several boys were injured. 有几个小伙子伤了。

My friend speaks several languages. 我的朋友能讲几种语言

11. He volunteers at an animal hospital every Saturday morning.

他每周六早上在动物医院做志愿者。

【解析】volunteer v 志愿 n 志愿者

volunteer to do sth 志愿做某事

Jack volunteered to carry the water.

12. … But I want to learn more about how to care for animals…

但是我想学习更多的关于如何照顾动物的知识

【解析】 “疑问词+不定式”作及物动词的宾语，

【记】：I don’t know what to do.

I don’t’ know how to do it .

I don’t know what to do with it.

【拓展】 “特殊疑问词 + 不定式” 与 “wh – 从句的转换。

转换时只需在疑问词后加主语（与主句主语一致），并将不定式改成

“should +v原形“做谓语。

I don’t know how to solve the problem.

= I don’t know how I should solve the problem.

I don’t know what to bring to the party.

13. I get such a strong feeling of satisfaction when I see the animals get

better and the look of joy on their owners’ faces.

当我看到动物们变得更好，并且它们的主人的脸上呈现喜悦之情时，我有一种很强烈的

满足感。

【解析1】such

【解析1】(1)so …that 如此…..以致……

“So +adj.+ that” “如此……以至……” 引导结果状语从句

so后面接形容词、副词

He was so strong that he could lift the heavy bag.

【记】名前such,形副so，多多少少（many, much, few, little）都用so。

The girl is such a nice girl that we all want to help her.

【解析2】get better 变得更好

14. She could read by herself at the age of four.

她在四岁的时候就能够独自阅读。

【解析】at the age of 在……岁的时候= when sb. Was … Years old.

—Do you know Mu Yan?

—Of course, He won the 2012 Nobel Prize four Literature at the age of 57.

15. Last year, she decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading

program.

去年，她决定尝试在一个课后阅读项目中做一名志愿者。

【解析】try out 尝试；实验

try v 试图，设法，努力

【拓展】 (1)try on 试穿

(2) try to do sth 努力做某事 【侧重尽力做】

(3) try doing sth 试图做某事 【侧重尝试做】

(4)try one’s best to do sth= do one’s best to do sth 尽某人最大努力做某事

We should try to eat much fruit.

16. She still works there once a week to help kids learn to read.

她仍然每周在那里工作一次，帮助孩子们学习阅读。

【解析】once a week 一周一次

【拓展】Once= one time一次 twice= two times 两次

【注】：三次或三次以上用：“基数词+times”

three times 三次 four times 四次 three or four times 三到四次

I chat with my friends online twice a week.

17. …，but you can see in their eyes they’re going on a different journey with

each new book,……,

但是你能从他们的眼睛里看到他们正随着每本新书在进行不同的旅行。

【解析】go on a journey = go on a trip去旅行

18. Volunteering here is a dream come true for me.

对于我来说，在这里做志愿工作使我梦想成真。

【解析】 come true 实现

If we Chinese work hard together. China Dream will come true .

【拓展】与come相关的短语：

【短语】come and go 来来回回

come from 来自 come back 回来 come out 出来

come on 加油，快点 come in 进来 come back 回来

come over 顺便来访 come true 实现 come up with 想出

19. I can do what I love to do and help others at the same time.

我不但可以做我自己喜欢的事，同时还可以帮助其他人。

【解析】at the same time 同时,

This novel can make you laugh and cry at the same time.

20. However, few people think about what they can do to help others.

然而，很少有人会考虑他们能做些什么来帮助他人。

【解析1】however 然而

【辨析】however和 but 二者都意为“可是，但是”；

⑴ but是并列名词，连接两个并列分句，上下二句在总的意义上构成了对比。

Ireally don't like cheese, but I will try just a little this time.

我实在是不喜欢吃奶酪，但是这次我要尝一点。

⑵ however不能直接连接两个分句，必须另起新句，并用逗号隔开。

It was raining hard. However, we went out to look for the boy.

雨下得很大，不过我们还是出去寻找那个孩子

【解析2】few 几乎没有

【注】 a few/ few

(1)a few, few 用来修饰可数名词。

(2)a few “有一些”，表示肯定概念，

few 几乎没有，表示否定意义。

The man has been here for many years, so he has a few friends.

这个人在这里住了很多年了，他有一些朋友。

I am a new comer here, so I have few friends here.

我刚来到这里，所以我在这里没有几个朋友。

a little/ little

(1) a little, little 用于修饰不可数名词。

(2) a little “有一些”，表示肯定概念。

little “几乎没有”，表示否定概念。

There is a little water in the glass.杯子里有一些水。

There is little water in the glass, so you can’t drink any.

杯子里几乎没有水了，你不可能喝到水了。

21. There are many people who are less lucky than us .

有很多没有我们幸运的人。

【解析】less 较少的；较次的

To live a green life, we should try to save more energy and

Produce less_ pollution.

【注】less 可用在部分双音节和多音节形容词和副词前，构成形容词和副词的比较级。

—— How far is Yuhua Middle School from here?

——It’s less than five minutes’ walk.

22.For example , we can make plans to visit sick children in the hospital or

raise money for homeless people.

例如， 我们可以制定一些计划去看望医院生病的孩子们或者无家可归的人们筹钱。

【解析1】for example

⑴for example“例如”，一般只以同类事物或人中的“一个”为例，作插入语，

用逗号隔开，可置于句首、句中或句末。

For example，he is a good student. 例如，他就是个好学生。

⑵ such as“例如”，用来列举同类人或事物中的几个例子。

可以和and so on 连用。

Boys such as John and James are very friendly.

像约翰和詹姆斯这样的男孩都很友好。

【解析2】 raise （raised; raised) v 募集；征集

raise money for… “为……筹款”

【解析3】 home n 家→homeless adj. 无家可归的

be home to … = be the home of sb. 成为…家园

a homeless boy 一个无家可归的男孩

We have only one Earth. It's our common home.

【拓展】由home构成的合成词：

homeland n 祖国 hometown n 家乡 homework 家庭作业

homeless adj. 无家可归的 home-made adj. 自制的

【同类记忆】 careless 粗心的 hopeless 没有希望的

helpless 无助的 useless 没有用的

be home to sb. = be the home of sb. 是某人的家

【短语集锦】on one’s way home 在某人回家的路上

stay at home 呆在家里 go home 回家

at home 在家 get home 到家

You should do something to help helpless people.

23. Some people even stop doing their jobs for a few months to a year to

move to another country, like Africa,and help people there.

有些人甚至会停下自己的工作几个月到一年去其他的国家，像非洲，并且帮助那里的人们。

【解析】 stop doing

(1)stop doing sth 停止做某事

Please stop speaking.请停止讲话

(2)stop to do sth 停下来去做另外一件事

Please stop to talk.请停下来讲话

(3)stop sb. from doing sth

=keep sb from doing sth

=prevent sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事

(4)can’t stop doing sth 忍不住做……

Seeing their teacher walking_ into the classroom, they stopped talking at once.

【单元语法】

一、短语动词分类：

1.动词+介词

ask for 请求 belong to 属于 look at 看

look after 照顾 learn from 向…学习 remind of 提醒 take after 与…相像

2.动词+ 副词

take away 拿走 wake up 醒来 put off 推迟

give out 分发 think over 考虑 end up 结束

3.动词+ 副词+ 介词

come up with 提出，想出 run out of 用完

get along with 与…相处 do well in 擅长 look forward to 期望

4.动词+ 名词+ 介词

take part in 参加 make use of 利用

pay attention to 注意 take care of 照顾

5.系动词+ 形容词+ 介词

be strict with 对……要求严格 be mad at 对…..恼火

be full of 充满 be different from 与……不同

二、 短语动词的用法：

1.以介词结尾的短语动词，后面接名词，代词，动名词作其宾语，该名词，代词或动名词必须放在介词的后面。

think of 想起 look after 照顾 look for 寻找 agree with 同意 ask for 请求

2.“动词+副词” 结构的短语动词后可解名词，代词或动名词作宾语。

（1） 接名词时，可以放在短语中间，或短语之后

（2） 接代词时，代词只能放在动词或副词之间

put on 穿上 put off 脱下 put up 挂起

give up 放弃 give away 捐赠 hand out 分发 wake up 叫醒

写作指导

★根据汉语提示及要求,以Lily’s Dream为题写一篇短文.

提示: 1.lily是一个中学生,她想成为一名职业演员.2.她同时也是一名志愿者,经常参加一些志愿者服务活动,业余时间她还上表演课. 3.现在她遇到了一些麻烦,无钱上表演课.她想出了许多办法,如: 打电话给家长、主动辅导孩子的美术、张贴启事寻找工作挣钱等。4．问题解决了，她可以继续上课了，她的梦想回实现的。

要求：1、条理清晰，语句通顺，语法正确，书写规范。2、不少于80个单词。

范文

Lily is a high school student. She wants to be a professional actress. As a volunteer , she often volunteers her time

to help other people . at the same time she takes acting

lessons. Now she has run out of money for acting lessons. She needs to come up with ideas for making money. She

called up parents to offer children art lessons. She even

put up signs for asking for jobs. Now she’ll be able to

continue her lessons, and she can become a professional

actress one day.