关于wish和hope后加过去式的问题

If you're taking a Cambridge exam like IELTS or First Certificate, or if you're taking TOEFL, this is an important lesson because they often set questions about these verbs. I think they do it because the grammar's tricky.

如果你正准备参加剑桥考试，比如雅思或第一证书考试，或者托福考试，那么这是很重要的一课，因为考试中经常会有关于这些动词的问题。我想他们这么考是因为语法很复杂。

So let's work on it and take your English up a level. This is the second part of our video on wish and hope.

那就让我们来学习一下，把你的英语提高一个水平。这是我们关于 wish 与 hope的第二期视频。

In part one, we looked at how we use these verbs to talk about present situations. If you haven't seen it, you might want to watch that video before you watch this one.

在第一期中，我们学习了如何使用这些动词来谈论现在时态情景。如果你还没看过，你可能想在看本期视频之前先看看那个视频。

In this video, we're going to look at how we talk about hopes and wishes in the past. Let's start with hope.

在本期视频中，我们来看看在过去时态情景中，我们是如何谈论 hope 和 wish 的。让我们从 hope 开始。

How's it going? Oh OK.

进展得怎样？哦，挺好。

But I've got so much to do. Do you want a hand?

但我还有很多事要做。你需要帮忙吗？

Oh thank you. I hoped he'd say that.

哦，谢谢你。我本就希望他会这么说。

So before Jay arrived, I was thinking 'I hope Jay can help me'. And I'm talking about a hope I had in the past here.

所以在杰来之前，我在想‘我希望杰能帮助我’。我说的是我在过去有的一个希望。

Notice I said 'would'. So the past tense of hope and then 'would'.

注意我说的是 would。所以是 hope 的过去式和 would。

We often use the contracted form of 'would', so it can be difficult to spot. In this example, we have the simple past form of hope, but we can use other past forms.

我们经常使用“would”的缩略形式，所以很难发现其实是 would。在这个例子中，我们用 hope 的一般过去式，但是我们也可以用其他过去式。

Let's see some. This is our dog Carter.

让我们看看都有什么。这是我们的狗，卡特。

We adopted him six years ago. Now he's eight years old and he's a wonderful dog.

我们六年前收养了他。现在他已经八岁了，他是一只超棒的狗。

He drives me crazy because he barks a lot when people come to the door. He does get a little excited.

它快把我逼疯了，因为当有人走到门口时，它总是叫个不停。他确实有点兴奋。

We were hoping he'd calm down as he got older. And that's what happened.

我们希望他长大后能冷静下来。结果他就是冷静了啊。

No, it didn't. Yes, it did.

不，它没有。是的，它有。

He still goes crazy when the postman comes. Yeah. We had hoped that he'd stop barking at the mailman, but that didn't happen.

邮递员来的时候，他还是会很躁动。是的。我们本希望他不要再对着邮递员吠叫了，但这并未发生。

Well, he doesn't like the mailman. Do you?

他不喜欢那个邮递员。你喜欢吗？

So in the past we thought it was possible that Carter would calm down as he got older. Jay thinks he has, but I don't.

所以在过去，我们认为随着卡特年龄的增长，他可能会冷静下来。杰觉得他冷静了，但我觉得没有。

I said 'we were hoping he'd calm down'. I could also say 'we hoped he'd calm down'.

我说，‘我们希望他能冷静下来’。我也可以说“我们希望他能冷静下来”。

That works too. And you heard another past form of hope.

这样说也可以。你还听到了 hope 的另一种过去形式。

He still goes crazy when the postman comes. Yeah. We had hoped that he'd stop barking at the mailman, but that didn't happen.

邮递员来的时候，他还是会很躁动。是的。我们本希望他不要再对着邮递员吠叫了，但这并未发生。

Jay used the past perfect — had hoped. The past perfect indicates that this action didn't happen.

杰用了过去完成时——had hoped。过去完成时表示这个动作没有发生。

Carter still barks at the mail man. If we say 'hoped' or 'was hoping', the action might have happened or might not.

卡特还在对着邮递员吠叫。如果我们说 hoped 或 was hoping，表示动作可能已经发生，也可能没有发生。

It's not specific. But if we say 'had hoped', it means the action didn't happen.

这并不具体。但是如果我们说“had hoped”，意思是动作没有发生。

So use these structures to talk about past hopes. And if you want to make it clear that an action didn't happen, use the past perfect.

所以用这些结构是来谈论过去的希望。如果你想清楚地说明某个动作没有发生，步用过去完成时。

That's the verb 'hope', but what about 'wish'? We use 'wish' to talk about imaginary situations — improbable or impossible things.

那是有关动词 hope 的内容，但关于 wish 呢？我们用“wish”来谈论想象的情况——未必会发生或不可能的事情。

Let's see how that works in the past. You're in a good mood.

让我们看看这在过去式中是如何用的。你心情很好。

Yes, I'm playing tennis this afternoon. Oh, what about the sales meeting?

是的，我今天下午要打网球。哦，那销售会议怎么办？

What sales meeting? Did I forget to tell you?

什么销售会议？我忘记告诉你了吗？

There's a sales meeting this afternoon and Kathy wants everyone there. But I've booked a tennis court and everyone's coming.

今天下午有个销售会议，凯西希望大家都到场。但是我已经订了网球场，大家都会来。

Oh, that's a shame. I wish you'd told me.

哦，真遗憾。我希望你能早点告诉我。

I didn't tell Jay about the meeting and he's unhappy about that. He says 'I wish you'd told me'.

我没有告诉杰关于这次会议的事，他对此很不高兴。他说“我希望你能早点告诉我”。

Now, what's that contraction? Is it would or had?

那么，这里缩写的词是什么呢？是 would 还是 had？

It's had. We're using the past perfect again.

是 had。我们再次使用了过去完成时。

We use wish and the past perfect to express regrets about the past — to talk about things that didn't happen, but we wish they had happened. I wish Vicki had told me about the sales meeting.

我们用 wish 和过去完成时来表达对过去的遗憾——谈论那些没有发生，但我们希望它们已经发生的事情。我真希望薇姬能告诉我销售会议的事。

I'm so tired. I wish I'd gone to bed earlier last night.

我太累了。我希望我昨晚能早点睡觉。

I wish we hadn't eaten all those COOKIEs. Yeah, I'm feeling a little sick now.

真希望我们没把那些饼干都吃了。是的，我现在感觉有点不舒服。

These are all things that didn't happen and we regret them now. We're not happy about them.

这些事情都没有发生，我们现在很后悔。我们并不开心。

I didn't tell Jay about the sales meeting. I went to bed late last night and we ate all those COOKIEs.

我没告诉杰关于销售会议的事。我昨晚睡得很晚，我们把所有的饼干都吃了。

So if you wish something had happened, it didn't happen. And if wish something hadn't happened, it did happen.

所以如果你希望发生什么事，那它就没有发生过。而如果你希望有什么事没发生，那它就发生了。

You have to switch positives to negatives, and vice versa, to imagine something unreal. And remember the verb form here.

你必须把肯定事件转换成否定事件，反之亦然，才能想象出一些不真实的东西。还有记住这里的动词形式。

It's the past perfect. Do these structures remind you of anything?

它是过去完成时。这些结构让你想起什么了吗？

They're similar to third conditional structures — the conditionals we use for unreal and imaginary situations in the past. Now you have to make a wish and blow out all the candles with one breath.

它们类似于第三条件句——我们在过去不真实或想象的情况下使用的条件句。现在你要许个愿，一口气吹灭所有的蜡烛。

Now take a big breath. The idea of wishing is if you imagine something enough it will come true by magic.

现在，深呼吸。许愿的概念是，如果你想象得足够用力，它就会通过魔法实现。

But of course magic isn't real. When we say 'I wish… ', we distance ourselves from reality and we do that grammatically by shifting back a tense.

但魔法当然不是真的。当我们说“我希望……”的时候，我们把自己和现实隔离开，从语法上讲，我们把时态向后转移了。

The same thing happens in 2nd and 3rd conditionals. They're unreal too.

同样的情况也发生在第二和第三个条件句中。它们也是不真实的。

OK, one more thing before we stop, do you remember this phrase? 'If only' is like 'I wish', but it's more emphatic.

好了，在我们内容结束之前还有一点，你还记得这个短语吗？“If only”和“I wish”很像，但语气更强。

It means 'I really wish'. We can use it to talk about present and past situations.

If only 的意思是“我真的希望”。我们可以用它来谈论现在和过去的情况。

Let's see some past examples. If only we hadn't eaten all those COOKIEs.

让我们看一些表过去情况的例子。要是我们没吃那些饼干就好了。

If only I'd studied harder at school. If only I'd invested in Apple twenty years ago. I'd be rich now.

要是我在学校学习再努力一点就好了。要是我二十年前就投资苹果公司的话。我现在会很有钱。 [欧 路]

So again, these things didn't happen. Jay ate the COOKIEs.

所以同样，这些事情并没有发生。杰吃了饼干。

He didn't study harder and he didn't invest in Apple. But he's wishing things were different.

他没有更努力地学习，也没有投资苹果公司。但他希望情况能有所不同。

'If only' means it's a strong wish. And that's it.

“If only”的表示这是一个强烈的愿望。内容就是这样。

It was a lot of grammar so let's review. We use 'hope' with 'would' to talk about past hopes.

今天有很多语法知识，所以我们复习一下。我们用 hope 和 would 连用来表示过去的希望。

You can use different past forms of hope. 'Hoped' and 'was hoping' aren't specific.

你可以用 hope 的不同过去形式。“hoped”和“was hoping”并不特定。

You can use them for things that happened or things that didn't happen. If something didn't happen and you want to be specific, use the past perfect form of 'hope'.

你可以用它们来描述已经发生的事情，或没有发生的事情。如果某事没有发生，而你又想说得具体些，可以用 hope 的过去完成时。

If you're talking about past wishes, use 'wish' and the past perfect. Switch positives to negatives and vice versa, to make things unreal.

如果你说的是过去的愿望，使用“wish”和过去完成时。将肯定转换成否定，反之亦然，这样就表示事物并不真实，

And if you want to add emphasis, use 'if only'. 'If only' is followed by the same structures as 'I wish. . . '

如果你想要强调，可以用 if only。If only 后面跟着的结构和 I wish 相同。

So now you know how we use the verbs 'wish' and 'hope' in English. Please share this lesson with a friend if you found it useful.

现在你知道英语中 wish 和 hope 的用法了吧。如果你觉得这一课有用，请与朋友分享。 [每 日 听 力]

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请订阅我们的频道并点击通知铃声，这样你就不会错过我们以后更新的视频了。再见啦。

This is Carter. We adopted him when he was six years old.

这是卡特。他六岁时我们领养了他。

Now he's eight. He barks a lot when people come to the door.

现在他八岁了。当有人来到门口时，他会一直叫。

He gets a little excited. This is Carter.

他会有点兴奋。这是卡特。

We adopted him six years ago.

我们六年前领养了他